Which condition can result from a rapid ascent while diving?

A rapid ascent while diving can lead to an arterial gas embolism due to the sudden decrease in pressure. When a diver ascends rapidly, the nitrogen and other gases that were dissolved in the body under high pressure can form bubbles as pressure decreases. If these bubbles enter the bloodstream, they can travel to the heart and lungs, causing serious complications. This is particularly dangerous because arterial gas embolism can lead to blockages in the arteries, which may result in critical conditions like stroke or respiratory distress, depending on where the bubbles lodge within the circulatory system.

In contrast, nitrogen narcosis occurs primarily at depths rather than during ascent, while dyspnea relates to difficulty breathing, which isn't directly caused by ascent. Hypercapnia, or an excess of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, can occur due to inadequate ventilation but isn't specifically linked to the act of ascending rapidly. Thus, arterial gas embolism is the most critical condition associated with the rapid ascent, emphasizing the importance of gradual ascent procedures in diving safety.